Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Rumex vesicarius in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

Nadiminti Satish Reddy*, Vidyasabbani, B. Pravanthi, B. Vijaya Laxmi, B. Harika.

Department of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Vishnupur, Narsapur,

Medak, Telangana, India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: satishreddy949@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Objective: The main objective of this work is to evaluate the invivo antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Rumex vesicarius in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight) was used for induction of diabetes in albino rats . The induction of diabetes was confirmed after 3 days of streptozotocin injection and rats with fasting blood glucose levels were greater than 200 mg/dl and were considered to be diabetic used in the experiment. Rumex vesicarius at a once daily dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg along with Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg was also given for 1 week. On the last day, the blood was collected from all group of rats which have fasted overnight by puncturing the retro-orbit of the eye under mild ether anesthetic condition.

Results: The statistical data indicated that the different doses of Rumex vesicarius significantly decreases the level of blood glucose in streptozotocin induced rats. This result indicated that Rumex vesicarius can protect pancreatic βcells from streptozotocin induced damage which is confirmed by the results of histopathological examination of pancreas.

Conclusion: Our investigation has clearly indicated that ethanolic extract of Rumex vesicarius showed antihyperglycemic activity due to its possible systemic effect involving in pancreatic mechanism.

KEYWORDS: Rumex vesicarius, Diabetes, Histopathology, Pancreas, Glibenclamide.

INTRODUCTION:

Rumex vesicarius Linn. (Polygonaceae) is commonly called as Chukka kura in Telugu, Chukra in Hindi, Bladder Dock in English[1]. Rumex vesicarius L. is a wild edible plant used as a sorrel and collected in spring season and eaten fresh or cooked. Rumex vesicarius L. has many important medicinal uses such as treatment of hepatic diseases, bad digestion, diurectic, laxative, tonic, analgesic, purgative and antibacterial agents. The plant can be used to reduce biliary disorders and control cholestrol levels [2-7]. Diabetes mellitus is the sixth leading cause of death globally[8].

Many of the drugs have been used in the management of this disease. These drugs have many sideffects and a search for new class of compounds is essential to overcome diabetic problems[9]. Traditionally, a number of plants have been used in various herbal preparation in the management of diabetes and only few of them have been proven scientifically[10].

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Plant Material:

Rumex vesicarius leaves were collected from Narsapur, Medak district and authenticated by D. Venkateshwara Rao, Deputy Director, A.P. Forest Academy, Dulapally, Hyderabad, Rangareddy District.

Preparation of extracts:

The collected aerial parts of the plant were washed and dried under the shade. Around 500 g of the coarsely powdered aerial parts of the plant was packed in a soxhlet apparatus and extracted with ethanol.

Animals:

Albino Wistar rats (weighing 150-200 g) of both sexes, were procured from NIN, Hyderabad, India and were housed in standard metal cages. They were provided with food, water and libitium and allowed a one week acclimatization period prior to the study. The protocol was approved by Institutional animal ethical committee of VIPER, Narsapur Medak and the study was performed according to the CPCSEA guidelines (1358/ac/10/CPCSEA).

Experimental Induction of Diabetes: [11]

Streptozotocin was freshly dissolved in 0.1M fresh cold citrate buffer pH 4.5 and maintained on ice prior to use. Diabetes was induced in overnight fasted rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), all animals were given free access to food and water. Blood glucose levels were measured 3 days after the streptozotocin injection and rats with fasting blood glucose levels greater than 200 mg/dl were considered to be diabetic used in the experiment.

Experimental Design:

5 groups of rats were used to study the effect of ethanolic extract of Rumex vesicarius. Each group consists of 6 rats.

Group I: Disease control induced with 60 mg/kg of Streptozotocin (I.P).

Group II: Diabetic rats were treated with ethanolic extracts of Rumex 100 mg/kg.

Group III: Diabetic rats were treated with ethanolic extracts of Rumex 200 mg/kg.

Group IV: Diabetic rats were treated with ethanolic extracts of Rumex 400 mg/kg.

Group V: Diabetic rats were treated with Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight.

Treatment of experimental animals with ethanolic extract was initiated 3 days post streptozotocin injection and was carried out daily by oral gavage for 7 days; food and water were made freely available. The blood glucose levels were determined by using Glucometer and the values of sample were treated with Glibenclamide. After the experimental regimen, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation under mild ether anesthesia. The pancreas were exposed and perfused with cold saline and phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 for histopathological examination.

Statistical analysis

The values were expressed as mean ± SEM. The data was subjected to the analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) to determine the significance of changes followed by students “t” –test[12-14].

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

A marked rise in fasting blood glucose levels were observed in diabetic group when compared with normal control rats. Ethanolic extract of Rumex vesicarius at (100,200,400 mg/kg) exhibited a dose dependent significant antidiabectic activity. All the values were shown in the table 1. It was found that ethanolic extract at 400 mg/kg showed highly significant decrease in the blood glucose levels when compared to the control STZ induced diabetic animals which was compared with the standard drug Glibenclamide (10mg/kg). The standard drug Glibenclamide stimulates insulin secretion from of ilets of langerhans. From this study it is suggested that the possible mechanisms by which the plant extract decrease the blood glucose levels may be potentiation of insulin effect either by increase in pancreatic secretion of insulin from beta cells of Ilets of langerhans. The pancreas of Albino rats shown in figure 1 Shows normal architecture of the pancreatic lobe disrupted fibrous tissue between the lobes when treated with 400mg/kg of rumex extract. The figure II shows the necrosis of the islet cells. Pancreatic lobes are elongated and Figure III shows the degranulation and Vacuolization of beta cells and almost the complete recover of cells when treated with the standard drug Glibenclamide.

Histopathological Examination:

The antidiabetic activity was confirmed through the histopathological pancreas of albino rats. For histopathological study the pancreas was removed after desection of rats and they were preserved in 10%Formalin.They were given for hispothalogical studies.

Histopathology of Pancreas

Figure: 1 Treated with 400mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Rumex vesicarius

Figure: 2 Treated with 200mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Rumex vesicarius

Figure:3 Treated with 100mg/kg ethanolic extract of Rumex vesicarius

Figure: 4 Treated with 10mg/kg Glibenclamide

Figure: 5 Streptozotocin Induced

Table 1: Effect of leaf extracts of Rumex vesicarius on blood glucose level of streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats during prolonged treatment.

Treatments	Dose mg/kg	Blood glucose levels (mg/dL) in days
Treatments	Dose mg/kg	Day0	Day1	Day3	Day5	Day7
Disease control	60 mg	205±1.2	200±1.1	201±1.4	200±2.0	200±2.1
Rumex	100	204±1.41	184±2.17	150±2.25	131±4.12	120±2.11
Rumex	200	205±2.1	177±3.21	144±2.14	126±3.14	114±1.25
Rumex	400	203±1.3	145±2.22	128±3.12	117±2.71	98±2.44
Glibenclamide	10	205±1.21	132±2.88	119±3.45	101±4.11	91±3.17

Graph: I: Effect of leaf extracts of Rumex vesicarius on blood glucose level of streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats during prolonged treatment.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

We would like to thank our Chairman and Dr. A. Ramesh, Principal, VIPER, Narsapur, Medak for providing the facilities. And also Venkateshwara Rao Deputy Director, A.P. Forest Academy, Dullapally Hyderabad for the botanical identification and collection of the plant.

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Received on 07.07.2016 Modified on 16.07.2016

Res. J. Pharmacology & Pharmacodynamics.2016; 8(3): 123-126.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2016.00023.9